The igbo ethnic group is one of the largest ethnic groups in nigeria. Such resource based conflict has spreaded militancy cuts across all the nine states of the niger delta, but is more pronounced in delta, bayelsa and rivers state. It is an undeniable fact that some communities around the globe have been positively transformed by the mining industry, but the same cannot be said about the prestea community. The political dimension is more so relevant given that indigenous. Living with conflicts in ghanas prestea mining area. Conflict is a natural and necessary occurrence in human relationships. Traditional conflict resolution mechanisms and institutions. Download complete project material on indigene settler dichotomy and its effect on conflicts from chapter one to five. Pdf this paper examines an indigenesettler divide in the cameroonian urban social. Npi, the konkomba accepted that they are settlers on nanumba land. Doc towards the attainment of a lasting solution to. Indigene settler dichotomy and its effect on conflicts. Horizontal inequalities in nigeria, ghana and cote divoire. Indigenous conflict resolution in africa by birgit brockutne university of oslo a draft presented to the weekend seminar on indigenous solutions to conflicts held at the university of oslo, institute for educational research 23 24 of february 2001.
However, before we proceed with the examination of these. Indeed, many conflict scholars find the ethnic distinction baseless. The jos peace conference and the indigenesettler question. Settler indigene relations in nigeria, 1920 2014 dr. In this paper the causes and impacts of conflicts in northern region are examined, with particular reference to the konkomba interethnic conflicts. The most prevailing example of a violent conflict on ghanaian soil materialises in the dagbon chieftaincy crisis. Holistic all aspects, not just sociocultural and political but also historical, economic, educational, religious, moral, ideological, legal, psychological, interpersonal, and. The tension has been ongoing since the murder of ya na yakubu andani ii, the ruler of ghanas dagbon kingdom, along with over 29 high profile individuals in march 2002. The aim of this study is to analyse the dynamics of dagbon chieftaincy conflict in northern ghana and to examine how rwandans. As the global population continues to rise and the demand for resources continues to grow, there is significant potential for violent conflict to intensify in coming decades. Pdf the indigenesettler divide, modernisation and the land.
These respondents were asked to describe indigenous processes of conflict resolution. Quezon city, philippines 23 june 2000 updated 18 june 2002, revised april 2005 1. Beyond right and wrong expands the discourse on indigenous knowledge. Hausafulani herdsmenyoruba clashes in sagamu are some of the most widely publicized cases of indigenesettler conflicts in nigeria.
Ghana, in this turbulent region, has to a large extent, been spared violent conflict at the national level. Ghana is very different than most countries because of this. The tswana constitute about 79 percent of botswanas population world factbook, 2011. Such a classificationin ghana as in many other african conflicts is an oversimplification. Most of the conflicts in northern ghana have been between ethnic groups that regard themselves as indigenous, and others that historically invaded. In the event that it seems mist of the settlers are practising a different religion from that of the settlers, there is usually conflict between the two religious factions. These conflicts may be growing deadlier and more numerous with time. Perceptions of contemporary effects of colonialism among. To have few resources at the disposal of a colossal number of people is to direct the emergence of poverty, just as ghandi of india put it.
In mapping conflict zones in ghana, this study also examined the various conditions that breed violence in relation to direct violence deliberate policies and structures. The negative consequences of the wukari conflict and other similar conflicts in nigeria have stimulated the debate on citizenship in the country. Perceptions of contemporary effects of colonialism among educational professionals in ghana kingsley atterh fletcher. So if africa has to put the falling apart together, her original values must be re. Rethinking nigerias indigenesettler conflicts united. Conflicts summary many of nigerias worst conflicts pit the recognized original inhabitants, or indigenes, of a particular place against supposedly later settlers. Resource based conflicts and political instability in. Before the jatropha plantation, the acquired lands were used for farming purposes.
Despite the heavy social, economic, and political tolls these conflicts inflict, serious thinking around how to prevent and resolve them has barely started. Rethinking nigerias indigenesettler conflicts united states. State and local governments have free rein to pick who is an indigene. Ethnoreligious conflict in jos, nigeria philip ostien abstract conflict between.
The jos peace conference and the indigenesettler question in nigerian politics draft. These many indigenous sectors are classified in five major groups. Fula or fulani or fulbe the latter being an anglicization of the word in their language, fule are an ethnic group of people spread over many countries, predominantly in west africa, but found also in central africa and the sudan of east africa. In otherwords, the crises and conflicts associated with indigenes and non indigene in nigerian federalism are encouraged by the elite. Ife and modakeke communities in southwestern nigeria have engaged in protracted intraethnic. Colonialism as a source of boundary dispute and conflict among african states.
Fletcher, kingsley atterh, perceptions of contemporary effects of colonialism among educational professionals in ghana 20. This essay studies the indigenesettler tensions in jos, the capital of plateau state. A negation to national integration and nation building. Understanding the causes and impacts of conflicts in the. As swati mylavarapu and theodore macdonalds article on inter indigenous conflict after the interamerican court on human rights ruled in the awas tingni case shows, the resolution of a conflict between the state or other powerful outside interests and an indigenous people can cause conflict between that people and other indigenous peoples. Indigenes of a particular place prefer settlers that are of the same religion to settlers of a different religion.
Economic violence settler farmers versus host communities. Mphil candidate, institute for development studies, university of cape coast, ghana. With several examples and case histories, the work defines, characterizes, and explains indigenous conflict management strategies in west africa, particularly in ghana, nigeria, and cameroon. Several communities that were hitherto lived peacefully suddenly took arms against one another as a result of claim of ownership of the land and by implication the community. The igbo ethnic group nigeria with a population of about 170 million is made up of over 250 ethnic nationalities. Refworld is the leading source of information necessary for taking quality decisions on refugee status. Sayne makes a convincing argument that the clash between indigenes and settlers is getting worse. They are big players in the economic sphere and can be found in virtually all regions of nigeria. The prestea mines in ghana have produced about nine million ounces of gold and this is the second highest level of production of any mine in ghana adontengkissi, 2015. Who qualifies as an ind igene, a citizen o r national of a particular place in nigeria is an important. Refworld contains a vast collection of reports relating to situations in countries of origin, policy documents and positions, and documents relating to international and national legal frameworks.
The issue of indigenes and settlers rivalry has remained for many decades the principal source of intractable intra intercommunal violent conflicts in nigeria. Abstract the issue of settlers and indigenes has been recurring severally in nigeria. The information has been carefully selected and compiled from unhcrs global network of field. The countries in africa where they are present include mauritania, senegal, guinea, the gambia.
There are several reasons why societies have conflicts. Most of the conflicts in northern ghana have been between ethnic groups that regard. Ethnicity has been one of the regular features of the third world societies. Hence, one of the bloodiest types of conflict in nigeria is essentially in the hands of state and local governments. Africa has had more than lion share in ethnicinduced wars and violence. Godfred asiedu ameyaw this thesis is presented as part of the requirements for the conferral of the degree. Indigenous conflict management strategies in west africa. It is posing a lot of danger to corporate existence of the nigerian state.
An earlier research conducted by wanep identified the struggles over economic and political control of the tin city between the predominantly muslim hausafulani settlers and the afizere, anaguta and berom indigenes who are. Many of nigerias deadliest conflicts pit the recognized original inhabitants, or indigenes, of a particular place against supposedly later settlers. The cost of interethnic conflicts in ghanas northern region. Background on liberia and the conflict slaves from the americas and the caribbean, freeborn africanamericans, and africans captured from slave ships on the high seas. Global journal of arts, humanities and social sciences.
Many of nigerias worst conflicts pit the recognized original inhabitants, or indigenes, of a. There are social conflicts, economic conflicts, political and. The indigenesettler dichotomy, if not well managed could lead to strife. Nigerias practice, at the state level, of giving groups indigenous or native to each region preferential treatment over settler or immigrant groups many of whom may have been based for two generations in the areas has at times contributed to inequality, competition and conflict between ethnicities. Pdf identities, inequalities and conflicts in ghana. The experience in taraba state between the jukun and the tiv proves the fact that difference in ancestral origin and history are not the main problem in the state, but the manipulations of these issues by the nigerian political elite. Religious differences have only served to catalyze the violence between indigenes and settlers. It situates the question of conflict within the context of the northern region of ghana and defines conflict as a situation in which people, groups or. Sometimes religious difference compounds the problem. Ghana konkombananumba conflict department of justice. Doctor of philosophy phd the university of wollongong australian national centre for ocean resources and security ancors school of law faculty of law, humanities and the arts. A contextualized paradigm for examining conflict in africa, available at. Consequently, the ineffective management of conflict arising from interactions of the nigerian people across all the states of the federation has heightened settlersindigenes question.
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